Ovarian Cyst: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Expert Gynaecology Care in Gurgaon

Ovarian cysts are one of the most common findings in women of reproductive age. In many cases, they are harmless and resolve on their own. However, some ovarian cysts can cause pain, menstrual irregularities, or complications that require medical attention.

As a gynaecologist, I often meet women who feel anxious after hearing the term “ovarian cyst.” The truth is — not all cysts are dangerous. Understanding the type, size, and symptoms helps us decide the right course of action.

If you are experiencing pelvic pain, irregular periods, or have been diagnosed with a cyst on ultrasound, this guide will help you understand everything about ovarian cysts.

What Is an Ovarian Cyst?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside an ovary. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system and are responsible for releasing eggs and producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

Most ovarian cysts are functional cysts, meaning they form as part of the normal menstrual cycle.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

1. Functional Cysts (Most Common)

• Follicular cyst – forms when the follicle doesn’t release an egg.

• Corpus luteum cyst – forms after the egg is released.

These usually disappear within 1–3 menstrual cycles.

2. Polycystic Ovaries (PCOS-related)

Seen in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), where multiple small cysts are present along with hormonal imbalance.

3. Endometriotic Cysts (Chocolate Cysts)

Associated with Endometriosis, these cysts contain old blood and can cause significant pelvic pain.

4. Dermoid Cysts

Contain tissue like hair, skin, or fat. Usually benign but may require surgical removal.

5. Cystadenomas

Develop from ovarian tissue and may grow large.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms and are detected incidentally during ultrasound. However, some women may experience:

• Pelvic pain (dull or sharp)

• Pain during intercourse

• Irregular or heavy periods

• Bloating or abdominal fullness

• Frequent urination (if large cyst presses on bladder)

• Sudden severe pain (possible rupture or torsion)

🚨 Seek emergency care if you experience sudden severe abdominal pain, fever, dizziness, or fainting.

What Causes Ovarian Cysts?

• Hormonal imbalance

• Irregular ovulation

• PCOS

• Endometriosis

• Early pregnancy

• Previous ovarian cyst history

How Are Ovarian Cysts Diagnosed?

Ultrasound Scan (USG)

An ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool. It helps determine:

• Size of the cyst

• Type (simple vs complex)

• Whether it is solid or fluid-filled

Additional Tests (if required)

• Blood tests (CA-125 in selected cases)

• Hormonal profile

• MRI (rare cases)

Are Ovarian Cysts Dangerous?

Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous). However, risks increase if:

• The cyst is large (>5–7 cm)

• It is complex or solid

• You are post-menopausal

• There are persistent symptoms

Complications can include:

• Cyst rupture

• Ovarian torsion (twisting of ovary)

• Infection (rare)

Early evaluation prevents complications.

Treatment of Ovarian Cysts

Treatment depends on age, symptoms, size, and type of cyst.

1. Watchful Waiting

Small, simple cysts are monitored with repeat ultrasound after 6–8 weeks.

2. Medications

Hormonal pills may be advised to regulate cycles in some cases.

3. Laparoscopic Surgery

If the cyst:

• Is large

• Causes severe pain

• Does not resolve

• Appears suspicious

Minimally invasive (keyhole) surgery allows faster recovery and less pain.

Ovarian Cysts and Fertility

Many women worry: “Will an ovarian cyst affect my ability to conceive?”

• Functional cysts usually do not affect fertility.

• PCOS-related cysts may impact ovulation.

• Endometriotic cysts may reduce fertility if untreated.

Timely treatment and proper guidance help preserve reproductive health.

When Should You See a Gynaecologist?

You should consult a specialist if you have:

• Persistent pelvic pain

• Irregular or very painful periods

• Difficulty conceiving

• Sudden severe abdominal pain

• Recurrent ovarian cysts

Early consultation helps avoid emergency situations.

Expert Ovarian Cyst Care in Gurgaon

At Dr Anam’s Women Health Clinic, Gurgaon, we focus on:

✔ Accurate ultrasound-based diagnosis✔ Individualised treatment plans✔ Conservative management whenever possible✔ Minimally invasive surgical expertise✔ Compassionate, confidential care

Every woman’s body is different. Not every ovarian cyst needs surgery — and not every cyst should be ignored.

If you have been diagnosed with an ovarian cyst or are experiencing symptoms, book a consultation for proper evaluation and peace of mind.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can ovarian cysts go away on their own?Yes, most functional cysts resolve naturally within 1–3 cycles.

2. Can ovarian cysts cause weight gain?Large cysts may cause bloating but are not a common cause of weight gain.

3. Are ovarian cysts cancerous?Most ovarian cysts are benign. Risk increases with age and certain ultrasound features.

4. Can I exercise if I have an ovarian cyst?Light exercise is usually safe, but avoid high-impact workouts if the cyst is large.